Study Guide – 9, 10, 11

Chapter 9 – Cellular Respiration

• ·         What reactions are exergonic?
• ·         What reactions are oxidation-reduction reactions?
• ·         Of the substances involved (glucose, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water) which are oxidized and which are reduced during cellular respiration?
• ·         What occurs during an oxidation-reduction reaction?
• ·         Which is the oxidized form of the electron carrier: NAD+ OR NADH?
• ·         Is the oxidized or reduced form made during glycolysis and the citric acid cycle?
• ·         Is the oxidized or reduced form made during oxidative phosphorylation?
• ·         Which of these two substances is carrying energized electrons to the electron transport chain: NADH or NAD+?
• ·         Same question as above for: FADH or FADH2
• ·         Cellular respiration requires three main processes. What are they called and in what part(s) of a cell do each occur?
• ·         What is the difference between substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation?
• ·         What molecules enter and exit glycolysis, citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation?
• ·         What is the purpose of the electron transport chain?
• ·         How does the purpose of oxygen relate to the purpose of the electron transport chain?
• ·         What is the role of H in the ETC?
• ·         Which of the three processes does fermentation use? (Glycolysis, Citric acid cycle, or Ox-Phos?)
• ·         What is the purpose of the reduction of pyruvate to lactate or alcohol?

Chapter 10

• ·         What is the name for autotrophs that obtain energy from light?
• ·         What is the correct location for each of the various processes of photosynthesis?
• ·         What is the main purpose of the light reactions?
• ·         What are the various compounds used and produced by each of the major reactions in photosynthesis?
• ·         Can we determine the colors of light a plant prefers based on the colors of its leaves? If yes, how?
• ·         What are the various light absorbing pigments in plants? What wavelengths do each prefer?
• ·         Explain the names P680 and P700. Which photosystem is each associated with?
• ·          What is RUBISCO?
• ·         Explain photorespiration.
• ·         What are the adaptations in C4 and CAM photosynthesis?

Chapter 11

• ·         What are the three main categories of cell to cell communication?
• ·         Is paracrine signaling short or long distance?
• ·         What do we call a signal molecule that travels a very short distance to reach its intended target cell?
• ·         What are the three processes of cell to cell communication?
• ·         Explain the process by which epinephrine causes glucose production in the liver and muscles?
• ·         What is a ligand?
• ·         Explain the G-protein linked receptor and the processes it triggers.
• ·         Explain the receptor tyrosine kinases.
• ·         What are the differences between intracellular receptors and extracellular receptors?
• ·         Explain transcription factors.