Proof of evolution that you can find on your body

How Does Radiocarbon Dating Work? - Instant Egghead #28

March 9, 2016

March 9, 2016

Chem students:
Please work on your homework packet. Also, do the reading assignment that is in the onenote notebook. The assignment is titled "3/9/16 Reading Assignment..."
To find notebook - open portal.office.com and find the email app, then find the email from me, click on the link and your find our class notebook.

Homework March 4

HW Work:
Draw Lewis Dot Diagrams for:

Atomic orbitals - electron configuration of Scandium (Z=21)

Rutherford's Experiment: Nuclear Atom

RC Unit 3: Demo - Cathode Ray Tube

Danny and Allen - Great collaboration!

http://youtu.be/gnKJbdMN-3E

Dimensional analysis explanations

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LdZ00OFAfaQ

http://www.chem.tamu.edu/class/fyp/mathrev/mr-da.html

https://www.sophia.org/tutorials/d-dimensional-analysis

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XKCZn5MLKvk

Dimensional Analysis - Three Practice Problems

2013年8月3日 長岡花火 フェニックス9

長岡花火大会2012年2日間の総集編 Fireworks the most beautiful in the japan.

Silvester 2007 150mm Kugelbombe aus CZ

bio terms

Key terms chapter 14 and 15

CHAPTER 14

allele
carrier
character
codominance
complete dominance
cystic fibrosis
dihybrid
dominant allele
epistasis
F1 generation
F2 generation
genotype
heterozygous
homozygous
Huntington’s disease
hybridization
incomplete dominance
law of independent assortment
law of segregation
monohybrid
multifactorial
P generation
pedigree
phenotype
pleiotropy
polygenic inheritance
Punnett square
quantitative character
recessive allele
sickle-cell disease
Tay-Sachs disease
test cross
trait
true-breeding

CHAPTER 15

aneuploidy
Barr body
chromosome theory of inheritance
crossing over
Down syndrome
genetic map
genetic recombination
hemophilia
linked genes
map unit
monosomic
nondisjunction
parental type
polyploidy
sex-linked gene
trisomic
wild type

https://youtu.be/nQ3Rjh661X8

Aneuploidy and Nondisjunction

Flash cards

 

 

Flash cards

Sunday, January 10, 2016

3:06 PM

 

Created with Microsoft OneNote 2013.

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Mendel - 20160104_102803.pdf

Period 5 Poster Presentation Notes

Alayna, Tra, Camille

Poop Power Plant

Washington, D.C.

Power = depends on how much poop goes in

Food for bacteria ==> Methane or carbon ==> Heat or Electricity

(Chem Pot. E.)

==>

(Chem Pot. E.)

==> (Thermal K.E. or Electrical K.E.)

Jay, MacKenzie, Justin

Solar Power Plant

Household system

175 Watts per panel x number of panels = power

UV rays from sun	==>	Electrons are knocked free	==>	Flow of electricity
(Radiant Energy)		(Kinetic Energy)		(Kinetic Energy)

Alyssa and Kaylee

Coal Power Plant

Bridgeport, CT

400 MW (about 100,000 homes)

SO2, NO, CO2, particles, air pollution

Coal powder	Fire	Steam	Turbine	Spin magnets in a coil of copper	Electricity
(Chem Potential Energy)	(Thermal Kinetic Energy)	(Kinetic Energy)	(Mechanical Kinetic energy)	(Mechanical Kinetic energy)	(Electrical K.E.)

Aretti and Fallon

Wind Power

Colebrook Farm

Colebrook, CT (brand new)

5 MW

25,000,000 homes in 2020

Wind	Shaft	Rotor magnets	Electricity
K.E.	Mechanical K.E.	Mechanical KE	Electrical KE

Andrew and Arielle

Hydroelectric Dam

Three Gorges Dam

22,500 MW (98.1 TerraWattHour per year)

Water flow	Turbine	Electricity

Aliyah and Tashana

• Solar Panel
• Smaller crystals of CuIn, GaSe, Silicon
• Light excites electrons to higher energy level
• This creates electricity for the house
• N-type and P-type semiconductors
• P-type silicon is missing an electron
• N-type silicon has an extra electron
• Electrons move from the N to the P crystals
• Example:
• Neighborhood house
• 4800 Watts = 4.8 kW

Sun light	Electrical current
Radiant	Kinetic Energy

Robert and Jeremy

Nuclear Power

• Waterford, CT
• 2,015 MW
• Similar to coal (steam spins turbines)
• Uranium gives off heat to make pressurized steam to boil
• Steam turns the turbine
• Turbine turns magnets in the generator
• Magnets excite electrons in copper coils

Uranium	Hot Water	Steam	Turbine	Magnets	Electricity
P.E.	KE	KE	KE	KE	KE

Radiant Energy

K.E.

Eric

Wind Mill Power

Wind to Rotor blades to Shaft to Generator to Electricity

KE - Mech KE - Mech KE - Electrical energy is kinetic

New Haven Wind Turbine for the Phoenix Press

26.5 MW

Period 1 Poster Presentations

Danny and Katherine

• Wind turbine
• Berkshire East Ski Resort
• 4.6 MWh per year
• 900 kW (900 kJ/s)

Wind	Rotor (magnets spin around copper wire)	Electricity
Kinetic energy	Mechanical energy (K.E.)	Electrical (K.E.)

Kylie and Rachel

• Wind turbine
• Colebrook Farms, CT
• 2 that make 2.5 MW (2.5 MJ/s) each

Kevin and Stacey

• Solar power
• Somers, CT
• Somers Solar Center
• 5 MW

Sunlight	Electricity
Radiant Energy	Elec. K.E.

Phosphorus (5 v.e.) ==> Boron (3 v.e.)

Tony and Matt B

Coal energy

• Non-renewable
• Fire, steam, turbine (magnet and copper), electricity
• Bridgeport Harbor, CT
• 400 MW

Coal	Fire	Steam	Turbine	Electricity
Chemical (potential energy)	Thermal energy (KE)	KE	Mechanical K.E.	Electrical K.E.

Bio - Matching Quiz on Friday

Things to know

• why were pea plants a good choice for Mendel?
• many dominant and recessive traits
• large number of offspring produced quickly
• monohybrid
• An organism that is heterozygous for one of its characters (Tt for example)
• dihybrid
• An organism that is heterozygous for two of its characters (TtBb for example)
• monohybrid cross ratios
• The ratios when two monohybrid organisms mate
• 1:2:1 genotype ratio
• 3:1 phenotype ratio
• dihybrid cross ratios
• The ratios when two dihybrid organisms mate
• 9:3:3:1 phenotype ratio
• don't memorize the genotype ratio
• allele
• An alternate form of a gene
• carrier
• An organism that is heterozygous for a recessive disorder
• codominance
• Two different alleles that have equal effect on an organism's phenotype
• Example
• BB = blue flowers
• BW = blue and white flowers
• WW = white flowers
• complete dominance
• When one form of the gene determines the phenotype
• Example
• RR = red flowers
• Rr = red flowers
• rr = white flowers
• incomplete dominance
• When the recessive allele can contribute to the phenotype
• Example
• NN = big nose
• Nn = medium nose
• nn = little nose

• cystic fibrosis
• Disease caused by the presence of 2 recessive alleles
• Chloride channel in the lung cells is defective
• Mucus builds up in lungs leading to infections
• dominant allele
• The version of a gene that affects the phenotype of the heterozygous organism
• epistasis (when a pair of genes modifies the effects of another pair of genes)
• Example: Coat color in dogs
• CC or Cc = color in fur
• cc = no color in fur
• BB, Bb = black color
• bb = chocolate color
• Yellow lab (ccBB, ccBb, ccbb)
• Black lab (CcBb, CcBB, CCBb, CCBB)
• Chocolate lab (Ccbb, CCbb)
• F1 generation
• In a breeding program the offspring of the parent generation
• If the parents were true-breeding (pure-bred) the F1 generation are all hybrid
• If the characters considered are controlled by complete dominance the F1 generation shows the dominant trait
• Recessive traits will tend to "skip a generation"
• F2 generation
• In a breeding program the offspring of the F1 generation
• In the example above, organisms showing the dominant trait in the F1 generation are hybrids. The F2 generation will have a ratio of dominant to recessive offspring.
• genotype
• The combination of alleles that exist in an organism
• heterozygous
• The genotype in which an organism contains two different alleles for a character
• homozygous
• The genotype in which an organism contains two of the same alleles for a character
• Huntington’s disease (HD)
• Inherited disease in which a dominant allele leads to the disorder
• Brain cells deteriorate due to the disease
• Currently, there is no treatment and the disease is lethal
• If a parent has HD, then the children have a 50% chance of inheriting the disease
• There are over 100 different alleles that can cause the disease
• Severity of the disease depends on which allele you have inherited
• law of independent assortment
• Mendel's law of how traits are passed from parent to offspring
• How it works:
• In organisms with many different characteristics (flower color, seed shape, height, etc.)
• Each character may have more than one form (trait)
• The gametes will have all possible combinations of the alleles

	Characters
	Flower color		Seed shape		Plant height
Traits	Blue	White	Round	Wrinkled	Tall	Short
Allele symbol	B	b	R	r	T	t

Gametes will have the following 8 combinations:

BRT

BRt

BrT

Brt

bRT

bRt

brT

brt

• law of segregation
• Mendel's law stating that organisms only inherit ONE allele for each trait from each parent

• multifactorial
• A genetic character that is controlled by genes and our environment
• Example:
• Musical ability seems to be genetic, but practice is also needed.
• On the other hand, blood type seems to be determined only by ones genes.
• P generation
• Breeding organisms that are pure-bred. Used to start a breeding experiment.
• pedigree
A diagram showing the relationships between organisms.
• phenotype

The inherited traits an organism posses.

• pleiotropy (one gene - changes more than one characteristic)
When one gene can lead to multiple changes in an organism.
Example: PKU
Reduced hair and skin pigmentation
Can not convert phenylalanine to tyrosine
• polygenic inheritance (one characteristic - controlled by two or more genes)
Similar to epistasis
One trait is controlled by two or more genes
(In epistasis one gene's ability to function is controlled by another gene.)
• Punnett square
A data table-like diagram that is used to help solve genetics questions
• quantitative character
A character such as skin color in which there are many forms from one extreme to the other
• recessive allele
The form of a gene that only affects an organism if the organism inherits two copies.
• sickle-cell disease
A disease caused by a pair of recessive alleles. The recessive alleles lead to the body producing misshapen hemoglobin molecules.
• Tay-Sachs disease
A disease caused by a pair of recessive alleles. The disease leads to the destruction of nerve cells in the brain and spinal chord.
• testcross
A procedure in which an organism with a dominant phenotype is mated with one that has a recessive phenotype. If any of the offspring show the recessive phenotype, then we know that the dominant parent was heterozygous.
• trait versus character (think trait: BLUE; think character: EYE COLOR)
• Character = category
• Trait = specific detail that fits the category
• true-breeding
An organism that is homozygous for a given character. This results in the parent's ability to only produce like offspring.

Reading Guide 14 - Due Friday

SKIP: 12, 15, 16, 17, 18, 22, 25, 28, 31, 36, 37 and skip the last page

Chemistry Reading Assignment 1/5/16

http://www.britannica.com/technology/energy-conversion

Reading for Biology Tuesday, Jan. 5, 2016

Read and outline:

http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/gregor-mendel-and-the-principles-of-inheritance-593

Flash cards in BIOLOGY

Phase of Cell Cycle to include:

Just to know	To Put on the Front of a Flash Card
Interphase	G1
	S
	G2
Mitosis	Prophase
	Prometaphase
	Metaphase
	Anaphase
	Telophase
Cytokinesis	Cytokinesis

Phases of Meiosis

Just to know	To Put on the Front of a Flash Card
Interphase	G1
	S
	G2
Meiosis I	Prophase I
	Metaphase I
	Anaphase I
	Telophase I
	Cytokinesis I
Meiosis II	Prophase II
	Metaphase II
	Anaphase II
	Telophase II
	Cytokinesis II

Information for the back of the card:

1. Ploidy (2n or n)
2. Number of chromosomes
3. Example mass of chromosomes (assume each chromosome is 1 pg)
4. What are the centromeres doing?
5. What are the centrosomes doing?
6. What are the centrioles doing?
7. What are the kinetochore microtubules doing?
8. What are the non-kinetochore microtubules doing?
9. Does this phase have an important cyclin/cdk check point?
10. What are the sister chromatids doing?
11. What is the nucleus doing?
12. Are actin and myosin microfilaments involved?
13. What are the homologous chromosomes doing?
14. For meiosis - list how metaphase I is different from metaphase of mitosis.
15. For meiosis - note when independent assortment occurs.
16. For meiosis - note when crossing-over (synapsis) occurs.
17. For meiosis - indicate when gametes form.